one ton of waste circuit board = 400 grams of gold 200 kg of copper other precious metals.
the amount of e-waste produced in our country is measured in millions of tons per year. it is not hard to imagine how many kinds of resources there are in the world. where are these resources gone?
small workshops, backyard homes in rural areas, urban-rural units ... are mostly wasted, or have become sources of pollution from long-term stockpiles, quietly jeopardizing the environment nearby.
compared with japan across the sea from china, china lost from the very beginning!
first, japan's global mineral strategy
japan's mineral resources are scarce. although its mineral resources are relatively complete in nature, their reserves are small, so some people call it "a sample of metal resources."
japan imports about 40% to 20% of its total imported mineral products each year, which is undoubtedly fatal to japan, a country that lacks mineral resources. such a high degree of dependence on foreign mining, will bring great drawbacks to the development of the country. how is it dealt with?
import of major minerals in japan in 2014 (10,000 tons)
(source: mining industry)
recalling the history, we can easily find out that japan has left a very disappointing page in the history in order to solve the problem of the supply of mineral raw materials.
from the 1930s to the mid-1940s, japanese rulers strongly advocated the use of force as a pillar, advocated "resource-rich countries" - a powerful geopolitical plundering strategy, competed with european and american powers for the sphere of influence, and separated the world's mineral resources. therefore, japan did not hesitate to launch the "greater east asia jihad" and included china, north korea and southeast asian countries in its list of resource plunder and caused a tragedy in the tragedy of the world!
after world war ii, japan was defeated and had to change ways to find a safer source of resources.
on the one hand, we should improve our relations with resource-based countries through such measures as "economic and technical assistance." on the other hand, we should set up such promotional agencies as the "petroleum corps" and the "metal mining industry corps," and formulate and implement encouragement policies with full support the cross-border mining operations of japanese companies (including various kinds of direct and indirect financial, financial, taxation and technology, information services and other means) and the reorganization of resource-rich countries through the strategic exploration and development of joint participation of mineral resources by consortia; and the establishment of strategic mineral reserves ,in case for need.
the next "urban mine" is japan's solution to the issue of resource constraints and the smartest resource strategy. it is also the biggest gap between china and japan.
second, japan's resource recovery
mineral resources are non-renewable resources, the less they are used, and the most reliable source of mineral resources in the future is urban waste, or more precisely, the useful mineral resources recycled from all kinds of household appliances and electronic products.
it is understood that the extraction of metal from gold ore is far less useful than recovered metal from used mobile phones.
according to the survey, the monthly gold bullion produced by a recycling company in tokyo is 200 kg to 300 kg with a purity of 99.99% and a value of 5.9 to 8.8 million u.s. dollars, equivalent to the output of a small gold mine.
so how does japan carry out valuable metal recycling of used electronic products?
as a country lacking in resources, japan has long carried out strategic layout very early. although it has a great relationship with its own resources, its strategic vision is still long-term!
first of all, is its mature resource recovery system. japan has implemented the concept of "urban mines" into its daily life, effectively utilizing all kinds of metal-containing garbage produced by nissan and recycling it.
in 2000 japan promulgated the law on the recycling of household appliances, which stipulated that manufacturers and importers should be responsible for the recovery and disposal of their own manufactured and imported products. since 2001, japan has also enacted and implemented the "household appliance recycling law," which has given strong legal protection for the reuse of scrap metal.
from formulating the basic law, comprehensive laws and special laws, to establishing a mechanism for sharing the responsibility of the government, enterprises and the public. japan's scrap metal recycling system, so that recycling of waste products in the process, each participant engaged in the recycling work, improve the recycling of waste products, recycling-oriented society has achieved good results.
second, japanese companies are highly accredited with their policies and put their implementation into place.
take the japanese ministry of economy, trade and industry in 2008 to develop a series of ways to promote the recycling of rare metals as an example. for mobile operators, the obligation to promote mobile phones to customers recycling information, the sale of mobile phone businesses must promote mobile phones to customers of all kinds of rare metal content, while recycling businesses to ensure that personal information is not lost related countermeasures.
japan's major carriers have also jointly developed a plan, as long as the direct shop with a cell phone recycling logo, are subject to cell phone recycling.
some operators for mobile phone recycling there is a small reward system, for example, you can get washing powder, plastic wrap and other daily necessities.
finally, it is japan's advanced technology and excellent equipment when dealing with used household appliances and electronic products.
take tokyo environmental recycling and recycling company as an example, the number of disassembled processes for four major categories of tv sets exceeds 60.
just about 20 minutes, an old air conditioner can become steel, copper, plastic, aluminum and other resources: according to the manufacturing process and the reverse process, manually decomposed by the operator, the first recovery of the engine, compressors and other components, at the same time recycle harmful substances, such as freon, and then break down all kinds of plastic parts. after manual disassembly, screening processes such as crushing, wind power, magnetic force, eddy current and many other human-machine cooperation are performed to separate them according to the physical characteristics of various materials.
in the entire operation process, the application of a large number of special equipment, so that the recovery of various raw materials has been the maximum protection. in particular, the rare elements, the disposal of pollutants and other materials, as well as the handling of the "humane" design and other details of the business requirements.
third, china's resource recovery situation
japan's electronic products processing and recycling of scrap metal so that we see the future of mining another world, but our formal waste electrical appliances, electronic products processing industry has just started.
1, the law
our country on waste electrical and electronic waste disposal the most authoritative and practical strongest regulations is "waste electrical and electronic product recycling management regulations", january 1, 2011 promulgated by the state council.
affected by the economic situation at home and abroad in recent years, the market of domestic renewable resources has not been in a strong turmoil and has been in a weak state. the prices of renewable resources of major varieties have continued to fall, and the profitability of recycling and utilization of renewable resources continues to decline.
in order to solve this situation, the ministry of finance and the state administration of taxation issued the catalog of preferential value-added taxes on comprehensive utilization of resources and labor services, integrating the preferential taxation policies and implementing the principle of immediate collection and refund. the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources to value added tax preferential policies.
in 2015, the ministry of commerce, the national development and reform commission, the ministry of land and resources, the ministry of housing and urban-rural development and the federation of supply and marketing cooperatives jointly formulated the medium- and long-term plan for the recycling resource recycling system (2015-2020) and the recycling resource recycling system medium and long-term goal of construction, the deployment of classification to establish a recycling system, improve the function of recycling nodes, foster leading enterprises, improve recycling management system and other tasks.
2, a huge potential market
in china, "urban mines" are equally large. in the field of discarded appliances, just taking the "trade-in appliance" activity as an example, according to statistics from the ministry of commerce of the prc, as of december 9, 2010, tm has exceeded 30 million units in both sales volume and recycling volume.
from the current total recycling value of china's top ten varieties of renewable resources point of view, this figure decreased by 20.1% in 2015, of which the life of the class of waste electrical and electronic products remained stable over the past two years, but the proportion and quantity of recovery is still low .
potential market size is huge, policies and legal environment is improving day by day, combined with government support, waste home appliances processing industry is forming industry opportunities, naturally attracted a large number of participants. but most of these participants are "scavengers" and self-employed.
3, "scavengers" army and family workshops
from the recycling, processing, deep processing and other aspects, china's waste products industry has the following characteristics:
from these analyzes, you can see how big the gap between china and japan has been in terms of recovery, treatment and reuse of waste household appliances and other items!
we can also handle the most typical chinese-based waste products - guiyu, the most poisonous place in the world, and analyze again and again.
guiyu is located in chaoyang city, guangdong province, puning city and jieyang city junction, is a typical "three no matter" zone. in this small town covering an area of 52.4 square kilometers and a total population of 139,000, there are over 5,000 enterprises and family workshops engaged in e-waste recycling!
at that time, gui yu street, in addition to individual businesses in the retail department stores and other industries, almost all households are engaged in the electronic devices, plastic waste recycling related work. and formed a distinct industrial division of labor. for instance, several villages such as longgang, xianpang and xianma mainly engaged in the recycling of waste plastics, while the villages of huamei, beilin and nanyang, where the guiyu town center is located, dominated the e-waste dismantling industry.
is this time at home, and even the world's largest e-waste dismantling distribution center, is how to deal with waste electronic products?
mixed with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and other chemical agents made of "aqua regia", will contain precious metal electronic waste "burn", the local call "under the blast furnace." after the "blast furnace", the separation of copper and iron. then nitric acid to dissolve the burnish, after the earthwork process, you can get gold. this is guiyu characteristics of the gold method, commonly known as "wash gold." the "aqua regia" configuration ratio, indigenous refining process, never rumor.
take nanyang area as an example. at that time, a total of 10 large gold-rinses shops opened a total capacity of 353 ounces (about 10 kg) of gold a day. making a few million a year is also commonplace, even for small households in the village, where income of more than 100,000 a year is "too relaxed."
and guiyu extracted from each year not less than 15 tons of gold, accounting for about 5% of china's gold production. it is no exaggeration to say that this can indeed affect the international gold price.
but it is this disorganized disassembly and "burn board" "pickling" and other backward processes have a tremendous impact on the environment. here's a lesson you can see in blood: a rigorous physical examination of 165 children aged 1-6 years in guiyu found that all children had excessive levels of lead in their blood, while lead in the soil was "certified by the u.s. environmental protection agency 212 times the threshold of soil pollution danger "!
at present, the town has been effectively controlled, but this is only the "tip of the iceberg" for china's waste electrical and electronic products. we need to develop a systematic and regularized enterprise and state in japan.
south environment co., ltd. was established in may 2017, jointly funded by the china ship marine and defense equipment limited by share ltd and guangzhou city wide asset management co., ltd., with a registered capital of 500 million yuan. in the field of environmental protection investment, south environment operation, equipment manufacturing, technology development, circular economy industrial park and the city...
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